Decentralization and local development : general perspective

Abstract

This paper addresses the decentralization and local development in general perspective. Most developing countries try to implement decentralization policy by transferring some authorities from central government to local units of governments. The objectives of this decentralization are: to improve government's responsiveness to the public, to manage national economic development more effectively, and to plan local programs more responsively. Decentralization may take one of these forms; deconcentration, delegation, devolution and privatization. By adopting one or more of decentralization forms, political, economic and administrative developments occur at the local area. Among political developments are; training in political leadership, political education, stability, equality and accountability. Decentralization has positive effect on economic growth, employment and efficiency. Regarding administrative development at local level, decentralization leads to better decision making and hence greater efficiency and effectiveness. In sum, decentralization has positive effects on local political, economic and administrative developments.